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Guide to the Buildings and Facilities Shown on the Map

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For each building and facility placed on the Hanyang 3D map, this guide gives a brief introduction, the period it existed, and sources. Placement coordinates, model dimensions and how the map was read are in gis/buildings/1750_landmarks.json and the respective work logs (devlog).

How to Read This Guide

Palaces

Gyeonghoeru Site (Royal Banquet Pavilion Pond)

An artificial pond on the west side of Gyeongbokgung. It was enlarged in 1412, and the Gyeonghoeru pavilion stood on its eastern island. The pavilion burned during the Imjin War (1592), but its 48 stone pillars remained standing in the pond.

Geunjeongjeon Site (Throne Hall Site)

The site where Geunjeongjeon, the main throne hall of Gyeongbokgung, once stood. In 1750 there was no building; only the two-tier stone terrace (woldae) and foundation stones remained, and the site was used for civil service examinations and the announcement of successful candidates.

Sajeongjeon, Gangnyeongjeon and Gyotaejeon Sites (Council Hall and Royal Residences)

Along the central axis north of Geunjeongjeon stood, in sequence, Sajeongjeon (the king's council hall), Gangnyeongjeon (the king's sleeping quarters) and Gyotaejeon (the queen's sleeping quarters). All burned in 1592, leaving only their sites.

Changdeokgung (Changdeok Palace)

The second palace of Joseon, which long served as the principal palace after Gyeongbokgung burned in the Imjin War. On the map, the area around Injeongjeon, its throne hall, is shown as a hall with a two-tier roof.

Donhwamun (Main Gate of Changdeokgung)

The south main gate of Changdeokgung. The original map shows the characters 敦化門 and a gate symbol, so it was placed there.

Geumhomun (West Gate of Changdeokgung)

A gate in the west wall of Changdeokgung. The sectional map shows the characters 金虎門 and a gate symbol on the west wall, so it was placed there facing west.

Geumwiyeong (Capital Guard Command)

One of the Five Military Commands, responsible for defending the capital, guarding Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung, and escorting royal processions. Its headquarters was west of Donhwamun of Changdeokgung, in present-day Unni-dong, Jongno-gu.

Gwansanggam (Bureau of Astronomy)

The office in charge of astronomy, geography, the calendar, weather observation and the water clock. Its stone observatory platform (Gwancheondae), used for observing the stars, remains in its original position at 206 Wonseo-dong, Jongno-gu, in front of the Hyundai Gye-dong office building.

Donggwanwangmyo (East Shrine of Guan Yu)

A shrine to Guan Yu, the general of Shu Han. Located outside Heunginjimun, it is called Dongmyo (East Shrine) and survives at 84 Nangye-ro 27-gil (Sungin-dong), Jongno-gu.

Pyeongsiseo (Market Supervision Office)

The office that supervised the sijeon (licensed shops) merchants. It regulated prices, inspected weights and measures such as rulers, measuring cups and scales, and handled sijeon business licenses and the monopoly right to suppress unlicensed trade (geumnanjeongwon).

Yeonghuijeon (Hall of Royal Portraits)

A portrait hall (jinjeon) that enshrined the portraits of past kings including Taejo, Sejo, Wonjong and Sukjong and held rites for them. It stood in present-day Jeo-dong, Jung-gu, near the former site of Jungbu Police Station.

Bibyeonsa (Border Defense Council)

A council body created to deal with frontier military matters, which after the Imjin War became the highest organ of late Joseon government, deciding all affairs of state. Its office stood in front of Donhwamun of Changdeokgung.

Jamungam (Palace Repair Office)

An alternate name for the Seongonggam, the office in charge of repairing and constructing buildings inside and outside the palaces; its office stood outside Geumhomun of Changdeokgung.

Uibinbu (Office of Royal Sons-in-Law)

The office to which royal sons-in-law (buma), the husbands of the daughters of the king and crown prince, belonged. It stood in Won-dong, west of Changdeokgung.

Changuigung (Yeongjo's Residence before Accession)

The house where Yeongjo lived as Prince Yeoning before becoming king. It stood in Uitong-bang opposite Yeongchumun of Gyeongbokgung, and even after his accession Yeongjo called it his jamjeo (residence before accession) and visited it often. It is the area around the lacebark pine of present-day Tongui-dong.

Bongsangsi (Office of State Rites)

The office in charge of state sacrificial rites, posthumous titles and the royal ceremonial fields. It stood behind the west side of Yukjo Street (the Six Ministries Street).

Sayeogwon (Bureau of Interpreters)

The office that taught Chinese, Mongolian, Jurchen and Japanese studies and handled interpretation and translation. It stood on the west side of Yukjo Street, west of the present-day Sejong Center for the Performing Arts.

Uiyeonggo (Palace Provisions Storehouse)

A storehouse office under the Ministry of Taxation in charge of goods used in the palace such as oil, honey, beeswax and pepper.

Saboksi (Royal Stables Office)

The office in charge of the king's horses and carriages, harness and stock raising. It is the site of the present-day Jongno-gu Office, facing the Hanseongbu and the Ministry of Taxation on the east side of Yukjo Street across the Junghakcheon stream. The site is also said to be that of Jeong Do-jeon's house (the marker stone is to the southwest of it).

Jangheunggo (Mats and Oiled Paper Storehouse)

An office under the Ministry of Taxation that procured goods such as mats and oiled paper. It stood in Indal-bang of the Western District, in the area of present-day Naeja-dong.

Naesusa (Royal Household Treasury)

The office that managed the royal family's rice, cloth, sundry goods and slaves. Formally a state institution, it in practice handled the king's private property. Present-day Naesu-dong takes its name from it.

Daebodan (Altar of Great Gratitude)

An altar built on the west side of the rear garden of Changdeokgung to offer rites to the Wanli Emperor of Ming, who sent troops during the Imjin War. Under Yeongjo it was greatly rebuilt, adding the Hongwu and Chongzhen Emperors of Ming.

Jangwonseo (Palace Gardens Office)

The office that managed the palace gardens, flowering plants and fruit trees and was in charge of fruit offered to the court. It stood at the mouth of Samcheong-dong.

Seonhyecheong North Storehouse (Bukchang)

The north storehouse of the Seonhyecheong (Office of Benevolent Relief), which stored the Daedong tribute rice. It stood at the mouth of Samcheong-dong.

Bugyeong (North Camp of the Military Training Command)

A branch camp of the Hullyeon Dogam (Military Training Command) located outside Hongbungmun north of Changdeokgung, in present-day Wonseo-dong. It was also called Hunguk.

Donghwarinseo (East Public Dispensary)

An office that treated and relieved the sick in the capital. The Donghwarinseo (east) was placed outside Dongsomun (Hyehwamun) and the Seohwarinseo (west) outside Seosomun.

Tangpyeongbigak (Pavilion of the Tangpyeong Stele)

A pavilion protecting the Tangpyeong Stele, which Yeongjo erected in 1742 at the entrance to Seonggyungwan to make known to the Confucian students his policy of impartiality (tangpyeong).

Eouigung (Bongung, Royal Wedding Palace)

The residence where Hyojong lived as Prince Bongnim before his accession, called Ha-eouigung (Lower Eouigung). It later became the detached palace where kings and crown princes held their wedding rites, and was also known as Joyangnu. It is present-day Yeonji-dong.

Hunguk Sinyeong (New Headquarters of the Military Training Command)

The Sinyeong (New Camp), headquarters of the Hullyeon Dogam (Military Training Command). It stood outside Heunghwamun of Gyeongdeokgung (Gyeonghuigung), in present-day Sinmunno 1-ga, with 197 bays of buildings. It was responsible for defending the capital and guarding the royal palaces.

Bibyeonsa (Border Defense Council, in front of Gyeongdeokgung)

The Bibyeonsa office that stood outside Heunghwamun of Gyeongdeokgung. When Yeongjo resided at Gyeongdeokgung, the Bibyeonsa, which oversaw state affairs, also kept an office near the palace. It is marked on the original map separately from the Bibyeonsa in front of Donhwamun.

Seongonggam (Office of Public Works)

An office under the Ministry of Works in charge of civil engineering and building repairs. It also handled construction, the making of coffins and the supply of firewood.

Myeongnyegung (Royal Estate at Present-Day Deoksugung)

The former house of Grand Prince Wolsan, used by Seonjo as a temporary palace after the Imjin War, and afterward a royal estate (gungga) that raised and managed the royal family's private funds. It is the site of present-day Deoksugung.

Seonhyecheong New Storehouse (Sinchang)

The head office and new storehouse of the Seonhyecheong (Office of Benevolent Relief), the largest fiscal office of late Joseon, which managed the tribute rice, cloth and money collected under the Daedong Law. It stood inside Sungnyemun, on the site of present-day Namdaemun Market.

Taepyeonggwan (Lodge for Ming Envoys)

The lodging for envoys from Ming China. It was badly damaged in the Imjin War and the envoys' lodging moved to Nambyeolgung, but some buildings remained and were used for banquets. It is present-day Seosomun-dong.

Yebinsi (Office of Guest Hospitality)

The office in charge of entertaining envoys and providing food for royal relatives and high officials. It was in Yangsaeng-bang of the Western District until it moved inside Nambyeolgung in 1778.

Namgwanwangmyo (South Shrine of Guan Yu)

A shrine to Guan Yu, called Nammyo (South Shrine) because it stood outside Sungnyemun. It was the first Guan Yu shrine, built by Ming troops during the Imjin War.

Eoyeongchang (Royal Guard Command Storehouse)

The south storehouse (Namchang) of the Eoyeongcheong (Royal Guard Command). It stood north of the Namsoyeong and had 137 bays.

Namsoyeong (South Camp of the Royal Guard Command)

A branch camp of the Eoyeongcheong (Royal Guard Command) and gunpowder magazine at the foot of Namsan beside Namsomun. Jangchungdan was later built on its site.

Sohyeonmyo (Shrine of Crown Prince Sohyeon)

A shrine that enshrined the spirit tablets of Crown Prince Sohyeon, eldest son of Injo, and his consort Crown Princess Kang. It stood beside Yuksanggung, and in 1776 the tablets were moved to the tomb and it became Yeonggyeongjeon.

Segeomjeong (Sword-Washing Pavilion)

A pavilion on the rocks of the Hongjecheon stream outside Changuimun. It is said to be where the draft records (sacho) were washed away after the Annals (Sillok) were completed. It burned in 1941 and was rebuilt in 1977.

Nambyeolgung (South Detached Palace, Envoys' Lodge)

A royal estate that Seonjo built on the house site of Princess Gyeongjeong, daughter of Taejong, and gave to Prince Uian. After the Imjin War it became the place where Chinese envoys stayed and were entertained. In 1897 the Hwangudan (Altar of Heaven) was built on the site. It is the site of the present-day Chosun Hotel in Sogong-dong.

Donghak (East School, Eastern District School)

A state secondary Confucian school in the Eastern District of Hanseongbu, one of the Four Schools (sahak). It moved to Changseon-bang in 1438 and after the Imjin War survived in little more than name.

Suncheong (Night Patrol Office)

The office in charge of crime and fire prevention in the capital, announcing the hours and night patrols. It was divided into left and right offices in 1465.

Jangagwon (Bureau of Court Music)

An office under the Ministry of Rites in charge of the music and dance for state ceremonies such as the Jongmyo rites, the Sajik rites and court banquets.

Jongchinbu (Office of Royal Relatives)

The office that administered the king's relatives, kept the genealogies and portraits of past kings, and handled the clothing of the king and queen. It stood in Gwangwang-bang of the Northern District east of Gyeongbokgung, in the area of the present-day National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Seoul.

Saganwon (Office of the Censor-General)

A remonstrance office that admonished the king for his faults and impeached officials. Present-day Sagan-dong, Jongno-gu, takes its name from it.

Hanseongbu Northern District Office (Bukbu)

The office that handled the civil administration of the northern area, one of the five districts of Hanseongbu.

Junghak (Central School, Central District School)

One of the four schools (sahak) in Hanseongbu, a state school that taught Confucian students. Present-day Junghak-dong, Jongno-gu, takes its name from it.

Jeonokseo (Prison Office)

The office that managed prisoners held in jail. It stood in Seorin-bang of the Central District, present-day Seorin-dong.

Sujingung (Royal Memorial Estate)

Beginning as the estate of Grand Prince Jean, son of Yejong, it became in late Joseon a memorial estate that held rites for grand princes and princes who died without heirs, princesses who died before marriage, and royal concubines without heirs. It is the area of the present-day Jongno-gu Office in Susong-dong.

Giroso (Office of Elder Statesmen)

An office established to honor senior civil officials over seventy. Kings too entered it when they grew old. It stood in Jingcheong-bang of the Central District, in the area of present-day Jongno 1-ga (the site of the Kyobo Building).

Saonseo (Palace Wine Office)

The office in charge of the wine and sweet rice drink used in the palace. It stood in Jeokseon-bang of the Western District.

Gyeonggi Gamyeong (Gyeonggi Provincial Office)

The provincial office where the governor of Gyeonggi Province served. It stood southwest outside Donuimun, in present-day Pyeong-dong, Jongno-gu (the area of the Red Cross Hospital).

Mohwagwan (Hall for Receiving Chinese Envoys)

The place where Chinese envoys were welcomed and sent off. It stood northwest outside Donuimun, in present-day Hyeonjeo-dong, Seodaemun-gu (the area of Independence Gate).

Yeongeunmun (Gate of Welcoming Grace)

The gate erected in front of Mohwagwan (the guesthouse for Chinese envoys) to receive envoys from China. It was demolished in 1896, Dongnimmun (Independence Gate) was built just behind its site, and two foundation stones remain.

Jeonuigam (Bureau of Medicine)

The office in charge of medicinal materials used by the royal household and the medicines granted to officials. It also handled medical education and the medical examinations.

Chunghunbu (Office of Merit Subjects)

The office that managed and honored merit subjects and their descendants. Early in the reign of Jungjong it moved to Gwaninbang in the Central District, the area of today's Insa-dong and Gwanhun-dong.

Hanseongbu Central District Office (Jungbu)

The office that handled residents' administration for the central area of the capital, one of the five districts of Hanseongbu (the capital magistracy). The marker stone for the office site stands at Sewoon Plaza in front of Jongmyo.

Hanseongbu Southern District Office (Nambu)

The office that handled residents' administration for the southern area, one of the five districts of Hanseongbu (the capital magistracy). The marker stone for the office site stands between exits 7 and 8 of Euljiro 1-ga Station.

Sajaegam (Bureau of Fish, Meat and Fuel)

An office under the Ministry of Taxation (Hojo) in charge of the fish, meat, firewood and the like used in the palace. It was in Uitongbang in the Northern District and later moved to Sunhwabang.

Naejasi (Bureau of Royal Provisions)

An office under the Ministry of Taxation (Hojo) that supplied the royal household with rice, flour, liquor, soy sauce and banquet provisions. It stood in Indalbang in the Western District; today's Naeja-dong takes its name from it.

Mallichang (Malli Granary)

A granary of the Seonhyecheong (Agency for Tribute Relief). It stood in the pine grove in front of Hyochangwon, in the area of today's Hyochang Park. Japanese troops camped here during the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894.

Gunjagam Riverside Granary (Ganggam)

The Yongsan riverside granary (ganggam) of the Gunjagam, an office under the Ministry of Taxation (Hojo) in charge of military provisions and other military supplies. After the late 18th century only the riverside granary remained, and it is said to have stored 300,000 seok of grain.

Changgyeonggung (Changgyeong Palace)

A palace built by Seongjong by enlarging the site of Sugangung to house the dowager queens; it shared a wall with Changdeokgung and together they formed the East Palace (Donggwol). The map shows the area of its main hall, Myeongjeongjeon, as a single-story roofed hall.

Honghwamun (Gate of Vast Transformation)

The main gate of Changgyeonggung, facing east.

Heunghwamun (Gate of Flourishing Transformation)

The main gate of Gyeongdeokgung (Gyeonghuigung from 1760). On the detail sheet the inscription 興化門 and a red-roofed gate symbol are drawn on the east wall, so it was placed there facing east.

Gyeongdeokgung (Gyeonghuigung)

A secondary palace built by Gwanghaegun in the west of the capital. It is today's Gyeonghuigung, shown here under Gyeongdeokgung, its name at the map's reference date.

Ritual Sites

Jongmyo (Royal Ancestral Shrine)

The royal shrine housing the spirit tablets of the kings and queens of Joseon. The map shows the main hall (Jeongjeon) as a 15-bay gable-roofed building.

Eoyeongcheong (Royal Guards Command)

One of the Five Military Commands, responsible for guarding the king and defending the capital. Hyojong greatly expanded it for his planned northern expedition. Its headquarters, 505 bays in size, stood in Yeonhwabang east of the main gate of Jongmyo; the marker stone is in today's Inui-dong, Jongno-gu.

Sajik Altar (Altar of Soil and Grain)

The altar where sacrifices were offered to the god of soil (社) and the god of grain (稷). It is shown as a low marker box instead of a building.

Yuksanggung (Shrine of Lady Choe)

The shrine of Royal Noble Consort Suk of the Choe clan, the birth mother of Yeongjo. Yeongjo raised his mother's status and elevated it to a "gung" (palace shrine). It is the site of today's Chilgung (Seven Shrines).

Gyeongmogung (Shrine of Crown Prince Sado)

The shrine of Crown Prince Sado.

Education

Munmyo and Seonggyungwan (Confucian Shrine and National Academy)

A complex combining the Munmyo, the shrine to Confucius (Daeseongjeon), and Seonggyungwan, the highest educational institution (Myeongnyundang).

Gates of the Seoul City Wall (Hanyang Doseong)

The Seoul City Wall was first built in 1396 with four great gates and four small gates. The gates below were founded in early Joseon along with the wall itself; rebuilding dates of individual gate pavilions are given only where confirmed. (Seoul City Wall, history of the wall)

About the models: Each city-gate model consists of a dressed-stone base pierced by an arched passage (hongye), a parapet (yeojang) on top, and a gate pavilion with red columns, plastered walls and lattice windows. Sungnyemun and Heunginjimun have two-story pavilions; Donuimun and the four small gates have single-story pavilions, and the roofs are hip-and-gable (Sungnyemun closer to a hipped roof). A semicircular barbican (ongseong) stands in front of Heunginjimun. The barbican is known to have existed since the gate's founding in 1397, but the model is a conceptual one based on its appearance after the 1869 rebuilding, not a measured reconstruction. The gates were rotated to stand perpendicular to the local direction of the wall (only at Sungnyemun was the wall bent to fit the gate), and the passage direction was chosen from the approach-road axis read from the original map. Two spear-bearing soldiers stand on either side of the passage on the outer side of Sungnyemun, Heunginjimun and Donuimun (the outer side was defined as the side away from the center of the wall). Records say that under the 1751 "Suseong jeolmok" (Regulations for Defending the Wall) the three military commands divided responsibility for sections of the wall and that the royal guards stood duty at the city gates, but the number of men at each gate could not be confirmed, so this is an estimate for display. None were placed at Sukjeongmun, which was always kept closed, and at Gwanghwamun, which was in ruins, a single palace keeper (gunggam) was placed instead of soldiers. (Cultural Heritage Administration, National Cultural Heritage portal, Heunginjimun, Seoul)

Gwanghwamun (Gate of Radiant Transformation)

The main gate of Gyeongbokgung. It is grouped with the city-gate models, but it is a palace gate, not a city-wall gate.

Sungnyemun (Namdaemun, the Great South Gate)

Heunginjimun (Dongdaemun, the Great East Gate)

Donuimun (Seodaemun, the Great West Gate)

Changuimun (the Small North Gate)

Sukjeongmun (the Great North Gate)

Hyehwamun (the Small East Gate)

Gwanghuimun (the Small South Gate)

Souimun (the Small West Gate)

Government Offices on Yukjo Street (the Six Ministries Street)

The central government offices that lined both sides of the avenue in front of Gwanghwamun. The models draw on the circa-1863 layout and reconstruction images from the Seoul S-MAP Open Lab story map "Time Travel to Yukjo Street in the Joseon Period." The offices were established in early Joseon, the government structure changed greatly with the Gabo Reforms of 1894, and most of the buildings were demolished in the early 20th century. Demolition years for individual office buildings could not be confirmed.

OfficeFunction
Uijeongbu (State Council)The highest organ of government, led by the Chief, Left and Right State Councilors
Ijo (Ministry of Personnel)Appointment of civil officials
Hojo (Ministry of Taxation)Census, taxation and finance
Yejo (Ministry of Rites)Rites, diplomacy, state examinations and education
Byeongjo (Ministry of War)Appointment of military officials and military administration
Hyeongjo (Ministry of Justice)Law, litigation and punishment
Gongjo (Ministry of Works)Civil engineering, crafts and forestry
Hanseongbu (Capital Magistracy)Administration and policing of the capital and its surroundings
Saheonbu (Office of the Inspector-General)Inspection of officials and regulation of public morals
Jungchubu (Office of Ministers-without-Portfolio)An office honoring senior officials without a current post
Hunguk Sinyeong (New Camp of the Military Training Command)The new camp of the Hullyeon Dogam (Military Training Command)

The Unjongga Area

Jongnu (Bell Pavilion)

The pavilion that housed the bell announcing the hours when the city's traffic was opened and closed. It stood at the Unjongga crossroads, the site of today's Bosingak.

Sijeon Arcades (Licensed Shop Rows) of Unjongga

Rows of shops built by the state and leased to merchants. A shop-row tax was collected per bay, and the sijeon (licensed shops) bearing the heaviest state-service obligations were grouped as the Yugujeon (the Six Licensed Shops).

Clicking an arcade shows the description of the sijeon for that section (Seonjeon, Myeonpojeon, Myeonjujeon, Naeeomuljeon, Jeopojeon). All five belonged to the Yugujeon. The box marker that represented Unjongga as a whole was removed in v0.1.13.

Ten-Story Stone Pagoda at the Wongaksa Temple Site

The marble ten-story pagoda of Wongaksa, the temple founded by Sejo. The temple disappeared but the pagoda remained, and in late Joseon it was called the White Pagoda (Baektap). It is the site of today's Tapgol Park.

Uigeumbu (State Tribunal)

The office that, by royal command, handled serious offenders such as those accused of treason. It stood northwest of the Jongno crossroads, north of Pimatgil.

Left and Right Podocheong (Police Bureaus)

Police offices that suppressed thieves and crime inside and outside the capital. The Left Podocheong covered the eastern part of the city, the Right Podocheong the western part.

Hyeminseo (Bureau of Public Medicine)

The medical office that treated the illnesses of commoners, distributed medicine and trained female physicians (uinyeo). The site is at 65 Euljiro 3-ga, Jung-gu, near Euljiro 3-ga Station.

Dongchon (the Eastern Village)

Hullyeonwon (Military Training Institute)

A senior third-rank office that administered the military examinations and was responsible for martial arts training and instruction in military tactics. South of its main building it had a wide field used for archery and examinations. The site is the area of today's Hullyeonwon Park on Euljiro, Jung-gu.

House Sites of Notable Figures

Toggled with "House sites of notable figures" in the settings. Neither is drawn on the original map. The Song Si-yeol house site is shown as a walled tile-roofed house model; the Jeong Do-jeon house site, since there was no house there in 1750, is shown as a small marker stone. The models and their sizes are assumptions for display.

Jeong Do-jeon House Site

Said to be the site where Jeong Do-jeon, a founding merit subject of Joseon, lived. It is the area of today's Jongno-gu Office.

Song Si-yeol House Site

The Seoul house site where Uam Song Si-yeol lived, a Seoul Tangible Cultural Heritage. A rock carved with the inscription "Jeungjubyeongnip" (曾朱壁立) and a stele reading "Uamgugi" (尤菴舊基, old site of Uam) survive.

Features That Do Not Match 1750

FeatureDiscrepancy
GwanghwamunIn 1750 it was a ruin without a gate pavilion
GyeongmogungBuilt in 1764
Jeong Do-jeon and Song Si-yeol house sitesNeither man's house existed in 1750. The Jeong Do-jeon site is shown only as a marker stone
Yukjo Street officesThe layout follows circa-1863 material

Gungisi (Bureau of Armaments)

An office under the Ministry of War (Byeongjo) that made weapons, flags and other military equipment. In the later period it shared its role with the military commands' own production.

Yeonghwadang (Hall of Flourishing Blossoms)

A hall in the rear garden of Changdeokgung from which state examinations and events on the Chundangdae grounds were directed.

Cheonguijeong (Pavilion of Clear Ripples)

A thatched pavilion in the Ongnyucheon area of Changdeokgung. It is described as a space for reflecting on the meaning of farming, together with a small rice paddy.

Munheongak (Hall of Literary Records)

A building at Gyeongdeokgung where books were kept. Sukjong's inscription describes the storage of books in the library hall beside Gyeonghyeondang.

Aeryeonjeong (Pavilion of Loving the Lotus)

A pavilion in the rear garden of Changdeokgung, named by Sukjong in contemplation of the virtues of the lotus.

Chwiunjeong (Pavilion of Emerald Clouds)

A small pavilion of the East Palace. It was built earlier than the neighboring Nakseonjae of today.

Taegojeong (Pavilion of High Antiquity) at Cheongpunggye

A thatched pavilion at the house of Kim Sang-yong in Cheongpunggye. Records survive of literati gatherings and of a visit by a later king.

Guksadang (National Shrine) on Namsan

A place of worship originally located on Namsan. It is distinguished from the present Guksadang, which was moved to Inwangsan around 1925.

Dohwaseo (Bureau of Painting)

The office concerned with state painting production and the training of court painters. It explains both the painters' profession and documentary paintings.

Jeyonggam (Bureau of Royal Textiles)

The office in charge of the royal household's textiles and clothing, and of related work such as dyeing and weaving.

Jeonsaengseo (Bureau of Sacrificial Livestock)

An office south of Namsan that raised the livestock needed for state sacrifices and palace events.

Geunjeongjeon (1907)

Gyeongbokgung’s throne hall, rebuilt in 1867. A simplified five-by-five-bay hall with two roof tiers, a double terrace and courtyard. Placement and dimensions are approximate.

Rebuilt 1867 · conceptual model for 1907

Junghwajeon (1907)

Junghwajeon, rebuilt in 1906. Approximate map placement and courtyard dimensions; a simplified 1-tier roof. No later interior alterations are depicted.

Rebuilt 1906 · conceptual model for 1907

Injeongjeon (1907)

Injeongjeon, rebuilt in 1804. Approximate map placement and courtyard dimensions; a simplified 2-tier roof. No later interior alterations are depicted.

Rebuilt 1804 · conceptual model for 1907

Gyeonghoeru (1907)

A seven-by-five-bay banquet pavilion on a pond, with 48 stone columns. The pond outline is simplified. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1867 · shown for 1907

Gwanghwamun (1907)

The south gate of Gyeongbokgung, with three arched passages and a two-tier pavilion. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1867 · shown for 1907

Daehanmun (1907)

A single-storey palace gate at its map-era site, before the 1970 relocation. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1906 · shown for 1907

Sungnyemun (1907)

A stone gate with an arched passage and two hip roofs. Adjacent walls are omitted because their removal chronology needs closer dating. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1398 · shown for 1907

Heunginjimun (1907)

The east gate rebuilt in 1869, with two roof tiers and an outer barbican. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1869 · shown for 1907

Myeongjeongjeon (1907)

Changgyeonggung’s east-facing throne hall, with a single roof and five-by-three bays, before the zoo and botanical garden. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1616 · shown for 1907

Jongmyo Jeongjeon (1907)

Nineteen shrine chambers after the 1836 expansion, distinct from the fifteen chambers in the 1750 scene. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1608 · shown for 1907

Yeongnyeongjeon (1907)

Sixteen chambers after the 1836 expansion, with a raised central four-bay section. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1608 · shown for 1907

Hwangudan (1907)

The circular imperial altar, built in 1897 and demolished in 1913. Its terraces and stairs are simplified. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1897 · shown for 1907

Hwanggungu (1907)

An octagonal three-tier shrine north of the altar. Its individual footprint is unclear on the map; placement within the northern precinct is estimated. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1899 · shown for 1907

Myeongdong Cathedral (1907)

A Gothic brick cathedral represented with a cruciform nave, pointed windows, a bell tower and spire. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1898 · shown for 1907

Chungdong First Methodist Church (1907)

A brick church dedicated in 1897, with a cruciform plan before the 1926 extension and a modest bell tower. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1897 · shown for 1907

Donhwamun (1907)

Changdeokgung’s main gate, with a five-bay front and two roof tiers. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1609 · shown for 1907

Honghwamun (1907)

Changgyeonggung’s east-facing main gate, with three bays and two roof tiers. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Present from 1616 · shown for 1907

Sungjeongjeon (1907)

Gyeonghuigung’s five-by-four-bay throne hall. Its map symbol is absent, so placement within the palace precinct and the courtyard are estimated. The original hall was sold and relocated in 1926.

Built 1618 · conceptual placement before relocation in 1926

Russian Legation (1907)

The legation where Gojong stayed during the royal refuge. A simplified two-storey masonry building with a side tower, built around 1890 and largely destroyed during the Korean War. Plan, roof, colours and tower placement are conjectural.

Built circa 1890 · conceptual pre-Korean-War exterior

Donuimun (1907)

Approximate 1907 placement of Donuimun, with a simplified single-storey pavilion. The depicted rebuilding dates to 1711; dimensions and details are estimates.

Rebuilt 1711 · depiction for 1907

Architecture and chronology Seoul City Wall — history Seoul Museum of History — 1907 map

Souimun (1907)

Approximate 1907 placement of Souimun, with a simplified single-storey pavilion. The depicted rebuilding dates to 1744; dimensions and details are estimates.

Rebuilt 1744 · depiction for 1907

Architecture and chronology Seoul City Wall — history Seoul Museum of History — 1907 map

Gwanghuimun (1907)

Approximate 1907 placement of Gwanghuimun, with a simplified single-storey pavilion. The depicted rebuilding dates to 1719; dimensions and details are estimates.

Rebuilt 1719 · depiction for 1907

Architecture and chronology Seoul City Wall — history Seoul Museum of History — 1907 map

Hyehwamun (1907)

Approximate 1907 placement of Hyehwamun, with a simplified single-storey pavilion. The depicted rebuilding dates to 1744; dimensions and details are estimates.

Rebuilt 1744 · depiction for 1907

Architecture and chronology Seoul City Wall — history Seoul Museum of History — 1907 map

Changuimun (1907)

Approximate 1907 placement of Changuimun, with a simplified single-storey pavilion. The depicted rebuilding dates to 1741; dimensions and details are estimates.

Rebuilt 1741 · depiction for 1907

Architecture and chronology Seoul City Wall — history Seoul Museum of History — 1907 map

Bosingak (1907)

Approximate 1907 placement of Bosingak, with a simplified single-storey pavilion. The depicted rebuilding dates to 1869; dimensions and details are estimates.

Rebuilt 1869 · depiction for 1907

Architecture and chronology Seoul City Wall — history Seoul Museum of History — 1907 map

Approximate placement inside the southeast street corner, keeping the full model footprint clear of the red road lines on the 1907 map.

Sajeongjeon (1907)

A simplified period model of Sajeongjeon, based on the 1907 map and architectural history. Rebuilt, relocated or estimated built around 1867. Placement, dimensions and subsidiary structures are approximate.

Reference form from 1867 · depiction for 1907

Architecture and chronology Seoul Museum of History — 1907 map

Gangnyeongjeon (1907)

A simplified period model of Gangnyeongjeon, based on the 1907 map and architectural history. Rebuilt, relocated or estimated built around 1888. Placement, dimensions and subsidiary structures are approximate.

Reference form from 1888 · depiction for 1907

Architecture and chronology) Seoul Museum of History — 1907 map

Gyotaejeon (1907)

A simplified period model of Gyotaejeon, based on the 1907 map and architectural history. Rebuilt, relocated or estimated built around 1888. Placement, dimensions and subsidiary structures are approximate.

Reference form from 1888 · depiction for 1907

Architecture and chronology) Seoul Museum of History — 1907 map

Hyangwonjeong (1907)

A simplified period model of Hyangwonjeong, based on the 1907 map and architectural history. Rebuilt, relocated or estimated built around 1885. Placement, dimensions and subsidiary structures are approximate.

Reference form from 1885 · depiction for 1907

Architecture and chronology Seoul Museum of History — 1907 map

Jibokjae (1907)

A simplified period model of Jibokjae, based on the 1907 map and architectural history. Rebuilt, relocated or estimated built around 1891. Placement, dimensions and subsidiary structures are approximate.

Reference form from 1891 · depiction for 1907

Architecture and chronology Seoul Museum of History — 1907 map

Jungmyeongjeon (1907)

A simplified period model of Jungmyeongjeon, based on the 1907 map and architectural history. Rebuilt, relocated or estimated built around 1901. Placement, dimensions and subsidiary structures are approximate.

Reference form from 1901 · depiction for 1907

Architecture and chronology) Seoul Museum of History — 1907 map

Sukjeongmun (1907)

A roofless stone arch at the northern gate. The modern pavilion built in 1976 is excluded. Position and dimensions are approximate.

Founded 1396 · inferred roofless form for 1907

Seoul City Wall

Sajikdan (1907)

Sajikdan. A simplified period model linked to the 1750 scene; location, dimensions and subsidiary buildings are estimates.

Munmyo and Seonggyungwan (1907)

Moved to the labeled Seonggyungwan enclosure on the source map. Front ritual and rear educational courts; individual halls and dimensions are estimated.

Donggwanwangmyo (1907)

Donggwanwangmyo. A simplified period model linked to the 1750 scene; location, dimensions and subsidiary buildings are estimates.

Yuksanggung (1907)

Yuksanggung. A simplified period model linked to the 1750 scene; location, dimensions and subsidiary buildings are estimates. Rebuilt in 1883; later Chilgung expansion is excluded.

Wongaksa stone pagoda (1907)

Wongaksa stone pagoda. A simplified period model linked to the 1750 scene; location, dimensions and subsidiary buildings are estimates. Seven standing storeys and three detached upper storeys, before the 1947 restoration.

Geumhomun (1907)

Geumhomun. A simplified period model linked to the 1750 scene; location, dimensions and subsidiary buildings are estimates.

Heunghwamun (1907)

Heunghwamun. A simplified period model linked to the 1750 scene; location, dimensions and subsidiary buildings are estimates.

Yeonghwadang (1907)

Yeonghwadang. A simplified period model linked to the 1750 scene; location, dimensions and subsidiary buildings are estimates.

Guksadang on Namsan (1907)

Guksadang on Namsan. A simplified period model linked to the 1750 scene; location, dimensions and subsidiary buildings are estimates.

Guard precinct (1907)

Guard precinct. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Police precinct (1907)

Police precinct. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Military ministry (1907)

Military ministry. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Justice ministry (1907)

Justice ministry. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Communications office (1907)

Communications office. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Interior ministry precinct (1907)

Interior ministry precinct. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Legal office (1907)

Legal office. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Education ministry (1907)

Education ministry. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Finance ministry (1907)

Finance ministry. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Law school precinct (1907)

Law school precinct. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Jongno north shops 1 (1907)

Jongno north shops 1. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Jongno north shops 2 (1907)

Jongno north shops 2. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Jongno north shops 3 (1907)

Jongno north shops 3. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Jongno north shops 4 (1907)

Jongno north shops 4. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Jongno north shops 5 (1907)

Jongno north shops 5. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Jongno north shops 6 (1907)

Jongno north shops 6. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Jongno south shops 1 (1907)

Jongno south shops 1. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Jongno south shops 2 (1907)

Jongno south shops 2. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Jongno south shops 3 (1907)

Jongno south shops 3. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Jongno south shops 4 (1907)

Jongno south shops 4. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Jongno south shops 5 (1907)

Jongno south shops 5. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Jongno south shops 6 (1907)

Jongno south shops 6. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Former Hanseong Electric office (1907)

Former Hanseong Electric office. Estimated position and dimensions; a simplified 1907 streetscape, not a measured reconstruction of individual premises.

Bukmyo (1907)

Guan Yu shrine founded in 1883, placed in the enclosure labeled Bukmyo. Raised hall, broad steps, three visible front bays and side ranges follow the supplied photograph. Full plan, orientation, colors and dimensions are estimates; the 1908 ritual merger is not a demolition date.

Hoedong Seogwan bookshop (1907)

Bookshop and publisher near the east side of Gwangtonggyo. The name appears in a September 1907 advertisement described by the reference. Founding dates differ (1880s/1897); exact footprint and 1907 appearance are uncertain. The storyteller is fictional, not its documented proprietor.

Gojong Commemorative Pavilion (1907)

A pavilion sheltering the monument to Gojong’s fortieth regnal anniversary. The open hall, stele and stone entrance are simplified. Sources give 1902 for erection and 1903 for completion; this completed model uses 1903 conservatively. Placement and dimensions are estimates.

1902 commemoration / 1903 completion account

Tapgol Park Pavilion (1907)

An open octagonal pavilion in Pagoda Park, associated with imperial park music. Eight posts, an octagonal roof and a terrace form this estimated model. Public opening in 1913 and the independence declaration in 1919 belong to later history; later monuments are excluded.

Gojong era · 1902 according to Seoul guidance

Dondeokjeon (1907)

Built in 1902–1903 as an imperial guest hall. Sunjong’s enthronement took place here on 27 August 1907 following Gojong’s forced abdication. Two storeys and repeated veranda arches are simplified; location, dimensions, colours and ornament are estimates.

Built 1902–1903 · demolished within 1921–1926

Jeonggwanheon (1907)

A palace hall combining a veranda and Western columns with a traditional roof form. Heritage guidance dates it to 1900, and a 1901 record describes temporary enshrinement of Taejo’s portrait. This conceptual seven-by-five-bay model uses estimated dimensions and placement; the proposed attribution to Sabatin is not treated as established.

Dated 1900 in heritage guidance · recorded use in 1901

Dongdaemun Tram Depot and Powerhouse (1907)

A conceptual depot and power facility southwest of Heunginjimun, distinct from the company office on Jongno. The long low shed and chimney refer to the 1899 opening photograph. The 1907 layout and alterations are unconfirmed. Two yard tracks illustrate the depot function; they are not a surveyed junction or connected to the animated route.

Facility opened 1899 · estimated 1907 layout

Dansungsa Theatre (1907)

Opened in June 1907 as a two-storey timber performance hall for singing, dancing and charitable shows. This concept predates its conversion to a permanent cinema in 1918. The facade, sign, window arrangement, dimensions and exact plot are estimates, not a reconstruction from a confirmed 1907 photograph.

Opened June 1907 · estimated early performance hall

Sontag Hotel (1907)

A two-storey Western-style hotel rebuilt in Jeongdong in 1902, serving foreign guests and diplomatic social life. Grey masonry, arched windows and a central balcony refer to historical descriptions and an undated photograph. This is not a verified reconstruction of the exact 1907 facade or plot. Later dormitory use and Frey Hall are distinct phases.

Rebuilt 1902 · purchased by Ewha 1917 · demolished 1922

Paichai School (1907)

The 1887 main hall of Paichai School, founded in 1885. A single-storey brick schoolhouse with arched windows, central porch and tiled roof. Distinct from the surviving 1916 east wing. Position, orientation, dimensions and details are approximate.

Built 1887; demolished 1929 · shown in 1907

Ewha School (1907)

A conceptual model of the old two-storey brick Main Hall of Ewha School, founded by Mary Scranton in 1886. Construction began in 1897; sources give 1899 or 1900 for completion. A secondary course opened in 1904. This is distinct from the surviving 1915 Simpson Hall. Location, dimensions, windows, porch and roof details are approximate.

Begun 1897; completed circa 1899–1900 · shown in 1907

Yeongchumun (1907)

The west gate of Gyeongbokgung, distinct from the eastern Geonchunmun. A single arch supports a one-storey, three-by-two-bay pavilion with a hipped roof. Gojong and the crown prince are described as leaving through this gate in palace women’s sedan chairs in 1896. Placement and dimensions are approximate; the modern gate was rebuilt at a slightly different location in 1975.

Rebuilt under Gojong · conceptual 1907 depiction

This rebuilt pavilion is not shown in the 1750 scene.

1907년 건청궁

고종이 1873년 향원지 뒤에 지은 거처. 단청 없는 사대부 집 방식으로 서쪽 장안당(왕), 동쪽 곤녕합(왕비)과 옥호루, 북서쪽 양관 관문각(1891)을 담장 안에 개념적으로 배치했다. 1895년 을미사변 때 왕비가 이곳에서 시해되었다. 원도의 乾淸宮·觀文閣 자리를 읽은 추정 위치이며 치수는 추정이다.

1873년 건립 · 1909년 철거 · 2007년 복원 · 1907년 모습

궁능유적본부 경복궁 소개·역사 한국민족문화대백과 — 을미사변

1907년 운현궁

흥선대원군의 저택이자 고종이 태어나 자란 잠저. 고종 즉위 뒤 1864년 노안당·노락당, 1870년 이로당을 지어 궁궐에 견줄 만큼 넓혔다. 단청 없는 사대부가 방식으로, 서쪽 길로 난 대문·수직사와 빈 마당, 동쪽에 남에서 북으로 아재당·노안당(영화루)·노락당·이로당·영로당과 동쪽 월랑을 개념적으로 배치했다. 원도의 雲峴宮 구획을 읽은 추정 위치이며 치수·배치는 추정이다. 1912년 무렵의 양관은 넣지 않았다.

1864년 확장 · 1870년 이로당 · 1996년 중수 · 1907년 모습

운현궁 (서울특별시) 위키백과 — 운현궁

Stories by place

The stories that appear when you click a building, bridge or neighborhood name on the map, collected by place. "Legend" entries are origin tales or folklore and have not been established as fact.

Changuimun (Northwest Small Gate)

The Gate the Coup Came Through (1623)
On the night of March 13, 1623, rebel troops gathered at Hongjewon broke through Changuimun and headed for Changdeokgung. That night Gwanghaegun was deposed and Injo took the throne. The gate had long been kept closed because of a geomantic (pungsu) reading that it pressed down on Gyeongbokgung; the present gate tower was built in 1741 (Yeongjo year 17).
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: The Injo Restoration (Injo banjeong), Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Changuimun, Seoul

Segeomjeong Pavilion

The Pavilion Where Swords Were Washed (1747) · Legend
It is said to have been built in 1747 (Yeongjo year 23) as a resting pavilion for soldiers of the Chongyungcheong. The name carries a story that Yi Gwi, Kim Ryu, and others plotted the Injo Restoration here and washed their swords afterward, but there are several accounts of its origin. When compilation of the Annals (Sillok) was finished, the drafts were washed away in water in a rite called secho, performed in the stream nearby.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Segeomjeong Site

Sukjeongmun (North Great Gate)

The North Gate That Stayed Shut (1413)
In 1413 (Taejong year 13), the geomancy student Choe Yang-seon submitted that the ridges on either side of Baegak were the two arms of Gyeongbokgung and that the road should be blocked; the gate was closed and pine trees were planted to stop passage. In times of severe drought there was a rain-praying custom of opening this north gate, which corresponds to yin, and closing the south gate, which corresponds to yang.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Sukjeongmun

Three Visits to Ward Off Misfortune · Legend
A custom is recorded that if a woman visited Sukjeongmun three times before the first full moon of the lunar year, she would escape misfortune that year (some writings cite the Dongguk sesigi as the source). A popular belief that opening the north gate would disturb public morals is also passed down.
출처: Korea Heritage Service monthly, "Sukjeongmun, the North Gate Shadowed by Six Hundred Years of Regret", Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Sukjeongmun

Sungnyemun (South Great Gate)

The Plaque Hung Vertically · Legend
Unlike the other gates, the name plaque of Sungnyemun hangs vertically. In the Five Elements, ye (禮) corresponds to fire and to the south, so the vertically written Sungnye (崇禮) is interpreted as standing up like a flame to block the fire energy of Gwanaksan to the south. There is a record (Jibong yuseol) that Prince Yangnyeong wrote the calligraphy on the plaque, but opinions differ.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Sungnyemun, Seoul, Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): Sungnyemun

Heunginjimun (East Great Gate)

An Extra Character and a Barbican · Legend
Among the four great gates, only Heunginjimun has a four-character name. An interpretation holds that because the east side of the capital was low and open, making the terrain weak, the character ji (之) was added to strengthen it. The semicircular barbican (ongseong) around the outside of the gate is a defensive structure open on only one side, allowing an enemy approaching the gate to be attacked from several directions.
출처: Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): Heunginjimun

Those Who Came to Work and Those Who Lost Their Homes (1760)
In 1760, ten years after 1750, on the 20th day of the 2nd lunar month, while the dredging of the Cheonggyecheon was in full swing, Yeongjo stopped at Heunginjimun and issued measures for the people who had turned out for the labor. The day before, he had given rice and seaweed to the dredging office (Juncheonso) to feed the workers. He ordered that the people of Jeju who had volunteered be given ample provisions for their journey home, and that the capital residents who had come to work also be given additional rice. The streamside residents whose houses had been torn down were to be cared for by the relief office (Jinhyulcheong). The records surrounding the dredging also preserve the meals of those who lent their labor and the circumstances of those who lost their homes.
출처: Annals of Yeongjo, year 36, 2nd lunar month, day 19, entry 1: Rice and seaweed granted to the Juncheonso to feed the workers, Annals of Yeongjo, year 36, 2nd lunar month, day 20, entry 1: Orders issued at Heunginmun to support the laborers and streamside residents

Gwanghuimun (Southeast Small Gate)

The Gate Funerals Passed Through (1719)
It was built in 1396 together with the city wall, and in 1719 a gate tower was built and a plaque hung. Because it was close to the outlet where the Cheonggyecheon flowed out, it was called Sugumun (Water Outlet Gate), and it was the gate through which funeral processions from inside the capital went out to the burial grounds east of the wall. There is also a view that the name "Sigumun" (Corpse Gate) only became widespread in the later part of the Japanese colonial period.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Gwanghuimun, Seoul City Wall Museum, "Gwanghuimun, Sugumun, Sigumun"

Jongnu (Bell Tower)

Injeong and Paru
At nightfall the bell at the Jongru was rung 28 times for injeong, closing the city gates and halting traffic, and at dawn it was rung 33 times for paru to open them. The 28 stands for the 28 lunar mansions of the sky, and the 33 for the 33 heavens of Buddhism. Uri Yeoksa Net writes that paru was sounded with a drum, and the hours differ slightly from source to source.
출처: Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): "Timekeeping, Injeong and Paru", Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): The Bosingak Bell

Ten-story Stone Pagoda of Wongaksa

A Temple Turned Gisaeng House (1504)
Sejo built Wongaksa on the site of the Goryeo temple Heungboksa, and when the ten-story stone pagoda was completed in 1467 he held a lantern festival. In 1504 (Yeonsangun year 10) the Jangagwon (Bureau of Music) was moved here and called Yeonbangwon, housing gisaeng and musicians; in 1512 (Jungjong year 7) the buildings were torn down, leaving only the pagoda and a stele. In 1750 the pagoda still stood alone, with no temple.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Wongaksa, Seoul, Korea Heritage Portal: Ten-story Stone Pagoda at the Wongaksa Temple Site, Seoul

Gyeongdeokgung

A Name Changed in 1760 (1760)
Gwanghaegun began building this palace in 1617 after hearing that a royal aura hung over the site of the former house of Wonjong (Injo's father). In 1760 Yeongjo renamed it Gyeonghuigung because the palace name Gyeongdeok (慶德) sounded the same as Wonjong's posthumous title Gyeongdeok (敬德). In 1750, the reference year of this map, it was still Gyeongdeokgung.
출처: Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): Gyeonghuigung

Changgyeonggung

The Imo Incident (1762)
In the intercalary 5th month of 1762 (Yeongjo year 38), Yeongjo deposed the crown prince, who had been serving as regent, and had him shut in a rice chest in front of Munjeongjeon (then called Hwiryeongjeon) at Changgyeonggung; the prince died after eight days (some sources say seven). Yeongjo later granted him the posthumous title "Sado." This happened 12 years after this map's year of 1750.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: The Imo Incident (Imo hwabyeon), Changgyeonggung Munjeongjeon information sign

Tangpyeongbi Pavilion

Mix Widely, Take No Sides (1742)
A stele erected in 1742 (Yeongjo year 18) on Bansugyo at the entrance to Sungkyunkwan, with the inscription written in Yeongjo's own hand. The text, adapted from a passage in the Analects, says that to mix widely without forming factions is the impartial mind of the gentleman, while to form factions without mixing widely is the selfish intent of the petty man. It showed the meaning of tangpyeong (impartiality) to the students who would become the officials of the future.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Tangpyeongbi

Munmyo and Seonggyungwan

The Students' Dining Hall Strike
Students of Sungkyunkwan joined together to submit memorials, and when the king's reply displeased them they staged a gwondang, refusing to enter the dining hall. As a stronger measure they carried out a gonggwan, emptying Sungkyunkwan and leaving en masse, and the court usually sent a royal secretary or a high minister to placate them.
출처: Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): "Sungkyunkwan"

Banchon
The villages east and west of Sungkyunkwan were called Banchon, and the banin attached to Sungkyunkwan lived there. The banin slaughtered the cattle used in sacrificial rites and ran the capital's butcher shops (hyeonbang) as their exclusive business, and it is said that at one time even police officers could not enter freely.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Banchon

Daebodan (Altar to the Ming Emperors)

An Altar for the Fallen Ming (1704)
In 1704 (Sukjong year 30), sixty years after the fall of the Ming, this altar was built in the rear garden of Changdeokgung to offer rites to the Ming emperor Shenzong (Wanli), who had sent reinforcements during the Imjin War. In 1749 (Yeongjo year 25) the Ming founder Taizu (Hongwu) and the last emperor, Yizong (Chongzhen), were added, so that around 1750 three emperors were enshrined. The rites continued until 1894.
출처: Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): Daebodan

Mohwagwan (Envoy Reception Hall)

Where the King Received Envoys
In 1407 (Taejong year 7) the Mohwaru pavilion was built outside the West Gate, and it was later enlarged and named Mohwagwan. When a Chinese envoy arrived carrying an imperial edict, the king went out to this spot to receive him, and the envoy changed his clothes at Mohwagwan before entering the capital. In 1896 Dongnimmun (Independence Gate) was erected on the site of Yeongeunmun in front of it.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Mohwagwan, Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Yeongeunmun

Yeongeunmun (Envoy Welcoming Gate)

A Gate Renamed (1539)
The red spiked gate (hongsalmun) in front of Mohwagwan was rebuilt in 1537 and named Yeongjomun, but in 1539, on the advice of a Ming envoy, it was renamed Yeongeunmun, meaning the gate for receiving imperial grace. Yeongeunmun was demolished around 1895 and Dongnimmun (Independence Gate) was built on its site.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Yeongeunmun

Hyeminseo (Public Dispensary)

The People's Pharmacy
A government office that sold medicine to the common people and treated their illnesses. It began in 1392 as the Hyemingoguk, became the Hyeminguk, and in 1466 became the Hyeminseo. Medical professors taught medicine there, and female physicians (uinyeo) attached to it were responsible for treating women.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Hyeminseo

Hullyeonwon (Military Training Office)

The Military Examination Ground
The office that administered the military examination (mugwa). In the preliminary round, 70 candidates from Hanseong and 120 from the provinces, 190 in all, were selected; the second round narrowed them to 28, and the palace examination determined their ranking. It was also involved in battle-formation drills twice a month and taught military texts.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Hullyeonwon

Jeonokseo (Prison Office)

A Jail for Those Awaiting Judgment
A prison attached to the Ministry of Punishments (Hyeongjo), located next to the Uigeumbu in Seorinbang. It mainly held people whose sentences had not yet been decided, and officials of the ministry took turns inspecting it. In 1895 it became the Gamokseo.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Jeonokseo

Gwangtonggyo (Gwangtong Bridge)

A Bridge Built from a Queen's Tomb Stones (1410)
In 1410 (Taejong year 10), after a flood washed away the earthen bridge, it was rebuilt in stone using stonework such as the screen stones from Jeongneung, the tomb of Queen Sindeok, which had been moved outside the capital. The story is told together with the bad relations between Taejong and Queen Sindeok, Taejo's second queen. The area around the bridge was the busiest shopping district in the capital.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Gwanggyo

Supyogyo (Supyo Bridge)

The Gyeongjin Ground Level (1760)
After a water gauge (supyo) for measuring the stream's water level was erected in 1441 (Sejong year 23), the bridge came to be called Supyogyo. In 1760, after Yeongjo completed a dredging (juncheon) of the streambed that mobilized about 200,000 people over 57 days, the characters Gyeongjin jipyeong (庚辰地平, "ground level of the Gyeongjin year") were carved on a pier so the bed would be kept at that level thereafter. When the dredging was finished, the Juncheonsa was established as a permanent office.
출처: Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): The Water Gauge and Supyogyo, Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Juncheonsa

Majeongyo and the Vanished Cattle and Horse Market (1410·1744)
When the sites of the licensed shops were set in 1410 (Taejong year 10), the cattle and horse market was assigned to the streamside below Jangtongbang. In 1744 (Yeongjo year 20) the court cited Majeongyo (馬廛橋, Horse Market Bridge), another name for Supyogyo, as evidence that the cattle and horse market (Umajeon) had existed there in the early days of the dynasty, and reported that encroachment by various military garrisons had wiped out the market and turned the site into fields, proposing that it be reestablished; Yeongjo approved. Whether it actually reopened has not been confirmed. In the Annals of Sejong for 1441 the bridge is written as 馬前橋 (Majeongyo, with different characters), so the interpretation that the name came from the market is regarded as the understanding of 18th-century officials. Lists of licensed shops from the late Joseon period show a separate horse market (馬廛) inside the East Gate.
출처: Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, Taejong year 10 (1410), 2nd month, day 7, Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, Yeongjo year 20 (1744), 8th month, day 26, Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, Sejong year 23 (1441), 8th month, day 18, Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Supyogyo, Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): Hanguk munhwasa (Korean Cultural History): The Yubungakjeon (licensed shops)

Sogong-dong

The Little Princess's Neighborhood
Because the house of Princess Gyeongjeong, Taejong's second daughter, stood here (the "Little Princess's House," Sogongjudaek), the area was called Jageungongjugol, or Sogongju-dong. In 1583 Seonjo gave this house to his son Prince Uian, and after the Imjin War, from 1593, it was called Nambyeolgung and used to receive Chinese envoys.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Jung-gu, Seoul, Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Nambyeolgung

Myeongnye-bang

The Prayer Meeting at Kim Beom-u's House (1785)
Yi Seung-hun, who returned in 1784 after being baptized in Beijing, held Catholic gatherings with Yi Byeok and others at the house of Kim Beom-u in Myeongnyebang. In the spring of 1785 (Jeongjo year 9) the Ministry of Punishments uncovered the meeting; the yangban were released, and only Kim Beom-u, a jungin, was sent into exile. This happened 35 years after this map's year of 1750.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: The Chujo Discovery Incident (Chujo jeokbal sageon), Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: The Myeongnyebang Community

Donhwamun

The People Who Guarded the Gate
Opening and closing the palace gates and inspecting those who passed through was the duty of the gate captains (sumunjang). Under the Sokdaejeon of 1746, the Sumunjangcheong became an office with 23 gate captains, who took turns on duty guarding each gate. Watch duty outside the walls of Changdeokgung was divided among the three military garrisons: the Hullyeon dogam guarded Donhwamun, the Geumwiyeong guarded Geumhomun, and the Eoyeongcheong guarded Honghwamun. To open a gate at night, a royal messenger (seonjeongwan) had to show a warrant token (pyosin). The number of guards placed on the map is an estimate for display, not a matter of record.
출처: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Sumunjangcheong, Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): Sinpyeon Hanguksa (New History of Korea), "Palace Wall Watch", Dictionary of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty: Pyosin

Honghwamun

The Gate Guarded by the Eoyeongcheong
When watch duty outside the walls of Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung was divided among the three military garrisons, Honghwamun, the main gate of Changgyeonggung, fell to the Eoyeongcheong. Opening and closing the gate was the separate duty of the gate captains (sumunjang). The guards' clothing is modeled on the military officer's gugunbok (jeollip hat, dongdari, jeonbok vest, and hwando sword), and the number of men is an estimate for display.
출처: Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): Sinpyeon Hanguksa (New History of Korea), "Palace Wall Watch", Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: Gugunbok

Asking About the Burden of Military Service at the Palace Gate (1750)
On the 19th day of the 5th lunar month of 1750, Yeongjo came out to Honghwamun and asked how the burden of military service should be reformed. Some fifty people took part, including residents of the five districts and royal guards, and he heard opinions on the hopo, a levy on each household, versus the gyeolpo, a levy on land. Most of those present answered that the hopo was more convenient, but the historian of the Annals (Sillok) criticized Bak Mun-su for having instructed the residents beforehand to answer in favor of the hopo. This discussion led, by way of a review of the military service regulations in the 7th month, to the Equalized Tax Law (Gyunyeokbeop). The scene leaves behind both an attempt to hear the people's circumstances and the question of whether their voices were properly conveyed.
출처: Annals of Yeongjo, year 26, 5th lunar month, day 19, entry 1: Hearing opinions on military service at Honghwamun, Annals of Yeongjo, year 26, 7th lunar month, day 2, entry 3: Reviewing the military service regulations

Geumhomun

The West Gate for Officials (1475)
In 1475 (Seongjong year 6), Seo Geo-jeong named the gate by taking geum (金), signifying the west, and ho (虎) from the White Tiger. Unlike the main gate Donhwamun, officials of offices inside the palace such as the Seungjeongwon and Hongmungwan came and went through this gate. When watch duty outside the walls of Changdeokgung was divided among the three military garrisons, Geumhomun fell to the Geumwiyeong. In 1926 Song Hak-seon carried out an attack aimed at the Governor-General of Korea in front of this gate.
출처: Korea Heritage Service, "Palace Plaques and Pillar Couplets: The Gates of Changdeokgung", Annals of Seongjong, year 6, 8th month, day 23, Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): Sinpyeon Hanguksa (New History of Korea), "Palace Wall Watch"

Heunghwamun

A Main Gate Moved Three Times (1915)
This was the main gate, standing at the southeast corner of Gyeongdeokgung and facing east. As the palace was demolished during the Japanese colonial period, it was moved to the south wall in 1915, and in 1932 it became the main gate of Bangmunsa in Jangchung-dong, a temple honoring Ito Hirobumi. It continued to serve as the front gate even after a hotel was built on that site, and in 1988 it returned to the grounds of Gyeonghuigung, but it stands in a place other than its original location.
출처: Wikipedia (Korean): Heunghwamun, Korea Heritage Portal: Heunghwamun, Gyeonghuigung

Gwanghwamun

The Palace Keeper Who Watched Over the Ruins
Gyeongbokgung was not rebuilt after the Imjin War, but a palace keeper (gunggam) was posted to look after it. Wikipedia dates this from around 1724. In 1729 guards who had secretly sold Gyeongbokgung pine trees to private households were punished, and in times of drought the Gyeonghoeru pond was dredged. In 1764 the officer guarding Gyeongbokgung found and submitted carvings of a jade rabbit and a phoenix and a placenta-jar stone (taejiseok). Yeongjo also held civil service examinations and banquets on the stone terrace of Geunjeongjeon. The keeper's dress on the map (a gat hat and a dopo robe) is an estimate for display, not a matter of record.
출처: Yu Jae-bin, "Events Held on the Site of Gyeongbokgung in Yeongjo's Reign and Court Painting," Korean Journal of Art History 323 (2024), Wikipedia (Korean): Gyeongbokgung

Jongmyo (Royal Ancestral Shrine)

News That the Crown Prince Would Govern (1749)
One year before 1750, Yeongjo announced at Jongmyo his decision to entrust state affairs to the crown prince as regent (daericheongjeong), and proclaimed it throughout the country. The royal edict of the 27th day of the 1st lunar month spoke of accumulated illness and a long-held wish to step back, and expressed the intent to keep state business from falling behind and to have the crown prince learn government thoroughly. The crown prince was to handle state affairs except for matters of official appointments, the military, and punishments. A decision that changed the division of governing duties in the palace was thus proclaimed together with a rite informing the ancestors.
출처: Annals of Yeongjo, year 25, 1st lunar month, day 27, entry 1: Announcement of the crown prince's regency

Bibyeonsa (Border Defense Council)

Which Stretch of Wall Will Our Neighborhood Defend? (1751)
On the 11th day of the 9th lunar month of 1751, one year after 1750, Yeongjo issued the Suseong yuneum, a royal instruction setting out the policy for defending the capital. His concern was that if residents were suddenly called up, confusion could arise because they would not know which garrison to follow or where to go. The Bibyeonsa (Border Defense Council) was ordered to supplement the defense regulations and distribute them to the five districts of Hanyang. It was preparation so that people would know in ordinary times which garrison they belonged to and which place they were to defend, and in an emergency would follow their district officials up onto the wall.
출처: Annals of Yeongjo, year 27, 9th lunar month, day 11, entry 2: The Suseong yuneum (instruction on defending the capital)

Gungisi (Arms Manufactory)

More Than Weapons Moved an Army (조선 후기)
The Gungisi (Armory) supplied not only bows, arrows, and gunpowder weapons but also the flags and various equipment the army used. In the late Joseon period, however, the military garrisons also made what they needed themselves. The Gungisi was one of several centers responsible for military production. The position and appearance of the building on the map are rough estimates.
출처: Gungisi

Yeonghwadang Hall

The Day the Garden Became an Examination Hall (1692)
The wide open space in front of Yeonghwadang was not only a place for quietly viewing the scenery. Examinations to select civil and military talent and various events were held here. In 1692 Sukjong had Yeonghwadang repaired for use in examinations and royal attendance, and the work was completed the following month. The position and appearance of the building on the map are rough estimates.
출처: Yeonghwadang, Annals of Sukjong, 1692, 4th lunar month, day 16: Repair of Yeonghwadang, Annals of Sukjong, 1692, 5th lunar month, day 12: Completion of Yeonghwadang

Cheonguijeong Pavilion

A Thatched Roof in the Palace (1636)
Cheonguijeong is a thatched pavilion among ornate tile-roofed buildings. The small rice paddy beside it and the thatched roof invite reflection on the meaning of farming even inside the palace. The pavilions of the Ongnyucheon area, including Cheonguijeong, are recorded as having been built in 1636. The position and appearance of the building on the map are rough estimates.
출처: Chronology of the Palaces, Cheonguijeong at Changdeokgung, a thatched pavilion built to consider the lives of farmers

Munheongak (Palace Library)

A House for the Books (1700)
The palace's books, too, moved among various storage places. Sukjong's inscription for Munheongak explains that books were gathered in the library building beside Gyeonghyeondang, and that records of good and evil deeds were taken as material for learning. Munheongak was a space for storing books beside the hall where state affairs were conducted. The position and appearance of the building on the map are rough estimates.
출처: Munheongak, National Palace Museum of Korea, translated Gunggwolji: Inscription for Munheongak

Aeryeonjeong Pavilion

The Pavilion That Loved the Lotus (1692)
Sukjong named the pavilion Aeryeonjeong, seeing in the lotus a pure and steadfast virtue. Old records say it was built in the middle of the pond, but the present pavilion sits on the edge. The garden, too, has changed in appearance over the long years. The position and appearance of the building on the map are rough estimates.
출처: Palace Plaques and Pillar Couplets: Aeryeonjeong

Chwiunjeong Pavilion

A Neighbor Older Than Nakseonjae (1686)
Chwiunjeong, found today near Nakseonjae, is a pavilion built before Nakseonjae. The record of its construction goes back to 1686. Not all the buildings seen in the same area date from the same period. The position and appearance of the building on the map are rough estimates.
출처: Page recording the construction of Chwiunjeong and poems on it, Commentary on the dates of Changdeokgung buildings

Taegojeong Pavilion, Cheongpunggye

An Ancient Stillness Named for a Valley (1607·1620·1790)
At Taegojeong in Cheongpunggye, literati gathered to enjoy the scenery. A spring gathering in 1620 was preserved in a painting, and there is a record that Jeongjo stopped to rest here in 1790. The pavilion now placed on the map is at an estimated position, meant to mark the area of that valley. The position and appearance of the building on the map are rough estimates.
출처: Taegojeong, Uri Yeoksa Net (National Institute of Korean History): Taegojeong in Cheongpunggye and the spring gathering, Annals of Jeongjo, 1790, 2nd lunar month, day 28: Visit to Taegojeong, Seoul Metropolitan Government: Cheongpunggye and the Baekse cheongpung inscription in Cheongun-dong

Namsan Guksadang (Mountain Shrine)

The Shrine Moved from Namsan to Inwangsan (조선시대·1925년경)
The Guksadang now on Inwangsan was originally on Namsan. It was relocated during the Japanese colonial period because of the construction of the Chosen Shrine. To find this shrine in old Hanyang, one must look to the Namsan of that time rather than its present address. The position and appearance of the building on the map are rough estimates.
출처: Guksadang on Inwangsan

Dohwaseo (Royal Painting Bureau)

Painters, Too, Served the State (조선시대)
The painters of the Dohwaseo (Bureau of Painting) produced the pictures the state required. Learning and being evaluated in painting skill were also tied to the work of the office. The palace events preserved in documentary paintings have come down to the present through the labor of the people who painted them. The position and appearance of the building on the map are rough estimates.
출처: Dohwaseo, Commentary on the Giro Gathering and documentary painting

Jeyonggam (Royal Textiles Office)

Behind a Single Court Garment (조선시대)
Royal clothing required fabric and dyes, and the work of procuring them. The Jeyonggam handled duties related to textiles and clothing, dyeing and weaving. Behind every garment of the court were people who managed the goods and supplied the skills. The position and appearance of the building on the map are rough estimates.
출처: Jeyonggam

Jeonsaengseo (Sacrificial Livestock Office)

Before the Rites: Raising the Animals (조선시대)
State sacrificial rites were not prepared only on the day the ceremony was held. The Jeonsaengseo was responsible for raising the livestock needed for state rites and the like. The office and its pens south of Namsan were part of the capital's infrastructure supporting the rituals of the palaces and altars. The position and appearance of the building on the map are rough estimates.
출처: Jeonsaengseo

Sayeogwon (Bureau of Interpreters)

They Studied Haggling, Too (조선시대)
The language that interpreters learned was not limited to diplomatic documents. The Chinese textbook Nogeoldae (Lao Qida) contained greetings on the road, staying at an inn, and dialogues for bargaining over prices. To do business in a foreign country, one had to learn everyday speech as well.
출처: Nogeoldae

Jangagwon (Court Music Office)

The Musicians' Work Goes On After the Banquet (조선시대)
The musicians of the Jangagwon (Bureau of Music) were responsible for the music not only of court banquets but of sacrificial rites, court assemblies, and various ceremonies. The ensemble changed according to the nature of the event. Behind each splendid performance lay the professional work of preparing the music and leading the performers.
출처: The Jangagwon, the royal music institution

Giroso (Hall of Elder Statesmen)

The Giroso's Celebration Preserved in Paintings (1719)
The events commemorating Sukjong's entry into the Giroso (Hall of Elder Statesmen) were preserved in several scenes in the Gisa gyecheop album. Not only the participants inside the building but also the people assisting with the banquet and the musicians are depicted. Following a single painting, one can look at the various spaces in which the celebration was held.
출처: Commentary on the Giro Gathering and documentary painting

Pyeongsiseo (Market Supervisory Office)

Could Anyone Sell Goods? (1791)
Commerce in Hanyang involved conflict over the right to sell goods and its enforcement. The Sinhae tonggong of 1791 restricted the monopoly right to suppress unlicensed shops (geumnanjeongwon), except for the six licensed shops (yukuijeon). Chae Je-gong's proposal also set out how the Pyeongsiseo, the Ministry of Punishments, and the Hanseongbu were to handle matters.
출처: Sinhae tonggong

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